Select and Diverse Publications 1978—Present

(listed by chronological order within each topic)

2000-2007

Wissmar, R. C., D. C. Pflugh, and R. K. Timm. 2000. Changes in developed land cover (1991-1998): Cedar River, Washington. Pages 287-292 in P. J. Wigington and R. L. Beschta, editors, Riparian Ecology and Management in Multi-Land Use Watersheds. American Water Resources Association. Middleburg, VA. TPS-00-2. 616 pages.

Hall, J. L., R. K. Timm, and R. C. Wissmar. 2000. Riparian ponds as Sockeye Salmon spawning habitat in the Cedar River, Washington. Pages 89-94 in P. J. Wigington and R. L. Beschta (eds). Riparian ecology and management in multi-land use watersheds. American Water Resources Association. Middleburg, Virginia. 616 pages.

Olson, P. L. and Robert C. Wissmar. 2000. Thermal Definition of Sources of Subsurface Flows Within Cascadian Riparian Landscapes. Pages 155-160 in P. J. Wigington and R. L. Beschta, editors. Proceedings of the International Conference on Riparian Ecology and Management in Multi-Land Use Watersheds. American Water Resources Association.

Wissmar, R. C. and R. K. Timm. 2003. Changes in land uses, hydrology and fish habitats in an urban drainage, Cedar River, Washington. Pages 709-714 in Proceedings of the First Interagency Conference in Watersheds, 27-30 October 2003, Bensen, AZ.

Wissmar, R. C. and P. A. Bisson (eds.). 2003. Strategies for restoring river ecosystems: sources of variability and uncertainty in natural and management systems. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland. 276 pp.

Wissmar, R. C., J. H. Braatne, R. L. Beschta, S. B. Rood. 2003. Variability of riparian ecosystems: implications for restoration. Pages 107-127 in R.C. Wissmar And P.A. Bisson, editors. Strategies for restoring river ecosystems: sources of variability and uncertainty in natural and management systems. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland.

Wissmar, R. C. and P.A. Bisson. 2003. Strategies for restoring rivers: problems and opportunities. Pages 245-262 in R.C. Wissmar And P.A. Bisson, editors. Strategies for restoring river ecosystems: sources of variability and uncertainty in natural and management systems. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland.

Wissmar, R. C. and S. D. Craig. 2004. Factors affecting habitat selection by a small spawning charr population, bull trout, Salvelinus confluentus: implications for recovery of an endangered species. Fish. Mgmt. Ecol. 11:23-31.

Hall, J. L. and R. C. Wissmar. 2004. Redd site selection in floodplain ponds by sockeye salmon. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 133:1480-1496.

Timm, R. K., R. C. Wissmar, J. W. Small, T. M. Leschine, and G. Lucchetti. 2004. Multi-scale prioritization of riparian habitats for restoration and preservation. Environmental Management 33:151-161.

Wissmar, R. C., W. N. Beer, R. K. Timm. 2004. Spatially explicit estimates of erosion-risk indices and variable riparian buffer widths in watersheds. Aquatic Sciences 66:446-455.

Wissmar, R. C., R. K. Timm and M. G. Logsdon 2004. Effect of land cover change on discharge regimes of urbanizing watersheds. Environ. Mgmt. 34:91-98.

Timm, R. K., R. C. Wissmar, J. W. Small, T. M. Leschine, and G. Lucchetti 2004. Multi-Scale prioritization of riparian habitats for restoration and preservation. Environ. Mgmt. 33: 151-161.

Wissmar, R.C. 2004. Riparian corridors of Eastern Oregon and Washington: functions and sustainability along lowland-arid to mountain gradients. Aquatic Sciences 66:373-387.

Dahm, C. Larson, D., R. Petersen and R. C. Wissmar 2005. Response and recovery of lakes in the blast zone of Mount St. Helens, Washington. Pages 255-276 in VH Dale, FJ Swanson, CM Crisafulli (eds.), Ecological responses to the 1980 eruptions of Mount St. Helens. Springer-Verlag, NY.

Stolnack, S. M. D. Bryant and R. C Wissmar 2005. A review and critique of monitoring strategies applied to land management practices. PNW-GTR-625, USDA Forest Service, Portland Oregon.

Wissmar R. C. and R. K. Timm. 2006. Effect of landcover change on the hydrology of urbanizing watersheds. Proceedings of the ninth biennial watersheds management council conference: Watersheds across boundaries: Science, Sustainability, Security (eds) C. W. Slaughter and N. Berg. Watershed Management Council. Water Resource Center Report 107, University of California, Berkley, CA.

Timm, R. K. and R. C. Wissmar. 2006. Multi-scale prioritization of riparian habitats for restoration and protection. Proceedings of the ninth biennial watersheds management council conference: Watersheds across boundaries: Science, Sustainability, Security (eds) C. W. Slaughter and N. Berg. Watershed Management Council, , Water Resource Center Report 107, University of California, Berkley, CA.

Wissmar R. C. and R. K. Timm.. 2006. Watershed and Stream Landscapes, Prince of Wales Island, Alaska. USDA Forest Service, Ketchikan, Alaska.

Wissmar, R. C. 2006. Realities of fish habitat improvements in a developed river. 4th World Fish Congress, Vancouver, BC, Canada 2004. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland. 587-594.

Cowley, D.E., R. C. Wissmar and R. Sallenave. 2007.Fish assemblages and seasonal movements of fish in irrigation canals and river reaches of the middle Rio Grande, New Mexico (U.S.A.). Ecology of Freshwater Fish. 1 –11.

Hall, J. L., R. C. Wissmar and D.A. Beauchamp. (in review). A Bioenergetic Comparison of Sockeye Salmon Rearing Conditions in Off-Channel Pond and Lake Habitats. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society.

Hall, J. L. and R. C. Wissmar. (in review). Habitat Preferences of Juvenile Sockeye Salmon in an Off-Channel Pond. North American Journal of Fisheries Management.

Stolnack, S., M.D. Bryant, and R. C Wissmar. (in press) A review and critique of monitoring strategies applied to land management practices. PNW-GTR-#. USDA Forest Service, Portland Oregon.

RESTORATION

Wissmar, R.C. 1997. Historical perspectives. Pages 65-78 in J.E. Williams, C.A. Wood, and M.P. Dombeck (eds.), Watershed Restoration: Principles and Practices. Am. Fish. Soc., Bethesda, Maryland.

Wissmar, R.C. and R. Beschta. 1998. Restoration and the management of riparian ecosystems. Freshwat. Biol. 40 (3):571-585.

Wissmar, R. C. and P. A. Bisson. 2003. Strategies for restoring rivers: problems and opportunities. Pages 245-262 in R.C. Wissmar And P.A. Bisson, editors. Strategies for restoring river ecosystems: sources of variability and uncertainty in natural and management systems. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland.

Wissmar, R. C. and P. A. Bisson. 2003. Strategies for restoring river systems: sources of variability and uncertainty. Pages 1-8 in R.C. Wissmar And P.A. Bisson, editors. Strategies for restoring river ecosystems: sources of variability and uncertainty in natural and management systems. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland.

Wissmar, R. C. and P. A. Bisson, editors. 2003. Strategies for restoring river ecosystems: sources of variability and uncertainty in natural and management systems. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland.

Wissmar, R. C. 2006. Realities of fish habitat improvements in a developed river. 4th World Fish Congress, Vancouver, BC, Canada 2004. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland. 587-594.

LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY

Wissmar, R.C., A.H. Devol, A.E. Nevissi, and J.R. Sedell. 1982. Chemical changes of lakes within the Mt. St. Helens blast zone. Science 216:175-178.

Wissmar, R.C., A.H. Devol, J.T. Staley, and J.R. Sedell. 1982. Biological responses in lakes of Mt. St. Helens blast zone. Science 216:178-181.

Staley, J.T., L.G. Lehmicke, F.E. Palmer, R.W. Peet, and R.C. Wissmar. 1982. Impact of Mt. St. Helens eruption on bacteriology of lakes in the blast zone. Appl. Environ. Microbiol 43:664-670.

McKnight, D.M., W.E. Pereira, M.L. Ceazan, and R.C. Wissmar. 1982. Characterization of dissolved organic material in surface waters within the blast zone of Mt. St. Helens. Org. Geochem. 4:85-92.

McKnight, D.M., J. Klein, R.C. Wissmar. 1984. Changes in the organic material in lakes in the blast zone of Mt. St. Helens. U.S. Geol. Survey Circular 850-L. 26 p.

Wissmar, R.C., J.A. Baross, M.D. Lilley, and C.N. Dahm. 1988. Nitrogen cycling in altered and newly created lakes near the Mount St. Helens volcano. J. Freshwat. Ecol. 4(4):551-568.

Resh, V.H., A.V. Brown, A.P. Covidi, M.E. Gurtz, H.W. Li, G.W. Minshall, S.R. Reice, A.L. Sheldon, J.B. Wallace, and R.C. Wissmar. 1988. The role of disturbance in stream ecology. In J.A. Stanford and A.F. Covidi (eds.), Community, Structure, and Function in Temperate and Tropical Streams, Proceedings of a Symposium, 24-28 April 1987, Flathead Lake Biological Station, Univ. Montana. J. N. Amer. Benthol. Soc. 7(4):433-455.

Wissmar, R.C. and F.J. Swanson. 1990. Landscape disturbance and lotic ecotones. Pages 65-89 in Naiman, R.J. and H. Decamps (eds.), Ecology and Management of Aquatic-Terrestrial Ecotones, Parthenon Press, London.

Wissmar, R.C., D.M. McKnight, and C.M. Dahm. 1990. Contribution of organic solutes to alkalinity in lakes within Mount St. Helens blast zone. Limnol. Oceanogr. 35 (2):535-542.

Reice, S., R.C. Wissmar, and R.J. Naiman. 1990. Influence of spatial-temporal heterogeneity and background disturbance regime on the recovery of lotic ecosystems. Environ. Mgmt. 14 (5):647-659.

Wissmar, R.C. 1990. Recovery of lakes in the 1980 blast zone of Mount St. Helens. Northw. Sci. 64 (5).

Wissmar, R.C. and W.N. Beer, 1994. Distribution of fish and stream habitats and influences of watershed conditions, Beckler River, Washington. Fisheries Research Institute Technical Report, FRI-UW-9417, School of Fisheries, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. 54 p.

Wissmar, R.C., D.C. Pflugh, and R.K. Timm. 2000. Changes in developed land cover (1991-1998): Cedar River, Washington. Pages 287-292 in P. J. Wigington and R. L. Beschta, editors, Riparian Ecology and Management in Multi-Land Use Watersheds. American Water Resources Association. Middleburg, VA. TPS-00-2. 616 pages.

Wissmar, R. C., R. K. Timm and M. G. Logsdon 2004. Effect of land cover change on discharge regimes of urbanizing watersheds. Environ. Mgmt. 34:91- 98.

Logsdon MG, Timm RK, Wissmar RC, Storck P, Pflugh DC. In review. Variation of impervious areas and urban watershed hydrology. Journal of Environmental Management.

Timm, R. K., R. C. Wissmar, J. W. Small, T. M. Leschine, and G. Lucchetti 2004. Multi-scale prioritization of riparian habitats for restoration and preservation. Environ. Mgmt. 33:151-161.

Wissmar R. C. and R. K. Timm.. 2006. Watershed and Stream Landscapes, Prince of Wales Island, Alaska. USDA Forest Service, Ketchikan, Alaska.

FISH ECOLOGY & HABITATS

Eggers, D.M., N.W. Bartoo, N.A. Rickard, R.E. Nelson, R.C. Wissmar, and R.L. Burgner. 1978. The Lake Washington ecosystem: The perspective from fish community production and forage base. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 35(12):1553-1571.

Wissmar, R.C. and R.G. Wetzel. 1978. Analysis of five North American lake ecosystems. VI. Consumer community structure and production. Verh. Internat. Ver. Limnol. 20:587-586.

Wissmar, R.C. 1979. Freshwater Fisheries Inventory of Chile: Workplan and Methods. Instituto Nacional de Investigacion de Recursos Naturales (IREN-CORFO). Republica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. 41p.

Volk, E.C., R.C. Wissmar, C.A. Simenstad, and D.M. Eggers. 1984. Relationship between otolith microstructure and the growth of juvenile chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) under different prey rations. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 41:126-133.

Wissmar, R.C. and C.A. Simenstad. 1988. Energetic constraints of juvenile chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) migrating in estuaries. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 45(9):1555-1560.

MacDonald, L., A. Smart, and R.C. Wissmar. 1991. Monitoring guidelines to evaluate effects of forestry activities on streams in the Pacific Northwest and Alaska. EPA/910/9-91-001. Edwards Brothers Press, Ann Arbor, Mich.

Wissmar, R.C. 1993. Long-term monitoring in stream ecosystems. Environ. Monit. Assess. 26:219-234.

McIntosh, B.A., J.R. Sedell, J.E. Smith, R.C. Wissmar, S.E. Clarke, G.R. Reeves, and L.A. Brown. 1994. Historical changes in fish habitat for select river basins of eastern Oregon and Washington. Northw. Sci. Spec. Issue 69:36-53.

Wissmar, R.C., J.E. Smith, B.A. McIntosh, H. W. Li, G.H. Reeves, and J.R. Sedell. 1994. A history of resource use and disturbance in riverine basins of eastern Washington and Oregon. Northw. Sci. Spec. Issue 69:1-35.

Doppelt, R., J.E. Smith, R.C. Wissmar, C.D. Williams. 1996. What is watershed analysis? Pages 81-108 in Pacific River Council (ed.), Healing the Watershed: A Guide to the Restoration of Watersheds and Native Fish in the West. Pacific River Council, PO Box 10798, Eugene, OR 97440, 200 p.

Bryant, M.D., D.N. Swanston, R.C. Wissmar, and B.E. Wright. 1998. Salmonid populations in the karst landscape of north Prince of Wales Island, southeastern Alaska. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 127:425-433.

Wissmar, R.C. 1998. Catchment hydrology and status of chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) in Washington State. In Headwater Control IV: Hydrology, Water Resources and Ecology in Headwaters. UNESCO International Hydrological Programme (IHP-V, 1996-2001), IAHS Press. Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK.

Wissmar, R.C. and C.A. Simenstad. 1998. Variability of estuarine and riverine ecosystem productivity for supporting Pacific salmon. Chapter 6. Pages 253-301 in G.R. McMurray and R.J. Bailey (eds.), Change in Pacific Northwest Coastal Ecosystems. Proceedings of the Pacific Northwest Coastal Ecosystems Regional Study Workshop, August 13-14, 1996, Troutdale, Oregon. NOAA Coastal Ocean Program, Decision Analysis Series No. 11. NOAA Coastal Ocean Office, Silver Spring, MD. 342 p.

Hall, J. L., R. K. Timm and R. C. Wissmar. 2000. Physical And Biotic Factors Affecting Use of Riparian Ponds Sockeye Salmon. Pages 89 – 94, in P. J. Wigington and R. L. Beschta, editors. Proceedings of the International Conference on Riparian Ecology and Management in Multi-Land Use Watersheds. American Water Resources Association.

Wissmar, R. C. and S. D. Craig. 2004. Factors affecting habitat selection by a small spawning charr population, bull trout, Salvelinus confluentus: implications for recovery of an endangered species. Fish. Mgmt. Ecol. 11:23-31.

Hall, J. L. and R. C. Wissmar. 2004. Redd site selection in floodplain ponds by sockeye salmon. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 133:1480-1496.

Bryant, M. D., B. E. Wright, S. Stolnack, A Truesdell and R. C. Wissmar 2004. Development and testing of a protocol to use coho salmon as a management indicator species for the Tongass Land Management Plan. Progress Report FY 2004. Aquatic/Land Interactions Research Program, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2770 Sherwood Ln., 2A, Juneau, AK 99801.

Stolnack, S. M. D. Bryant and R. C Wissmar 2005. A review and critique of monitoring strategies applied to land management practices. PNW-GTR-625, USDA Forest Service, Portland Oregon.

Wissmar, R. C. 2006. Realities of fish habitat improvements in a developed river. 4th World Fish Congress, Vancouver, BC, Canada 2004. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland. 587-594.

Hall, J. L. and R. C. Wissmar. In review. Habitat Preferences of Juvenile Sockeye Salmon in an Off-Channel Pond. North American Journal of Fisheries Management.

Hall, J. L., R. C. Wissmar and D.A. Beauchamp. In review. A Bioenergetic Comparison of Sockeye Salmon Rearing Conditions in Off-Channel Pond and Lake Habitats. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society.

Wissmar, R. C. (in press.) Realities of fish habitat improvements in a developed river. 4th World Fish Congress, Vancouver, BC, Canada 2004. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland.

RIPARIAN INTERFACES

Wissmar, R.C., J.E. Richey, and D.E. Spyridakis. 1978. The importance of allochthonous particulate carbon pathways in a subalpine lake. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 34:1410-1418.

Richey, J.E. and R.C. Wissmar. 1979. Sources and influences of allochthonous inputs on the productivity of a subalpine lake. Ecology 60:318-328.

Wissmar, R.C. 1991. Forest detritus and nitrogen cycling in a Cascade mountain lake. Can. J. Forest Research.21:990-998.

Wissmar, R.C., C. Halbert, J. Chu, and J. Doyle. 1993. Skagit River Wild and Scenic River corridor: Fishery and wildlife resource issues. Pages 373-388 in B. Tellman et al. (eds.), Proceedings of the Conference "Riparian Management: Common Threads and Shared Interests, A Western Regional Conference on River Management Strategies, Albuquerque, N.M. February 1993. Conference coordinated by the Water Resources Research Center, Univ. Arizona. 373-388.

Tabacchi, E, R., D.L. Correll, R. Hauer, G. Pinay, A.P. Tabacchi, and R.C. Wissmar. 1998. Landscape connectivity of riparian ecosystems. Freshwat. Biol. 40 (3):497-516.

Wissmar, R. C. and R. Beschta. 1998. Restoration and the management of riparian ecosystems. Freshwater Biol. 40 (3): 571-585.

Olson, P. L. and Robert C. Wissmar. 2000. Thermal Definition of Sources of Subsurface Flows Within Cascadian Riparian Landscapes. Pages 155- 160, in P. J. Wigington and R. L. Beschta, editors. Proceedings of the International Conference on Riparian Ecology and Management in Multi-Land Use Watersheds. American Water Resources Association.

Timm, RK, RC Wissmar, JW Small, TM Leschine, G Lucchetti. 2004. A screening procedure for prioritizing riparian management. Environ. Mgmt. 33:151-161.

Wissmar, RC, N Beer, RK Timm. 2004. Spatially explicit estimates of erosion-risk indices and variable riparian buffer widths in watersheds. Aquat. Sci. 66:446–455.

Timm, R. K., R. C. Wissmar, J. W. Small, T. M. Leschine, and G. Lucchetti. 2004. Multi-scale priortization of riparian habitats for restoration and preservation. Environ. Mgmt. 33:151-161.

Wissmar, R.C. 2004. Riparian corridors of Eastern Oregon and Washington: functions and sustainability along lowland-arid to mountain gradients. Aquatic Sciences. 66: 373-387.

RIVER ECOSYSTEMS

Richey, J.E., R.C. Wissmar, J.T. Brock, and R. Naiman. 1980. Transport and processing of organic carbon in the Amazon River. Science 207:1348-1351.

Wissmar, R.C., J.E. Richey, R.F. Stallard, and J.M. Edmond. 1981. Plankton metabolism and carbon cycling in the Amazon River, tributaries and floodplain water (Peru-Brazil 1977). Ecology 62(6):1622-1633.

Wissmar, R.C., M.D. Lilley, and M. DeAngelis. 1984. Nitrification and the inhibition of nitrite oxidation by chlorate in riverine surface sediments. Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 22:2051-2055.

Wissmar, R.C., M.D. Lilley, and M. DeAngelis. 1987. Nitrous oxide release from aerobic riverine sediments. J. Freshwat. Ecol. 4(2):209-218.

Wissmar, R.C., M.D. Lilley, A.H. Devol, and S.L. King. 1989. Methane fluxes and isotopic composition from the Copper River wetlands, Alaska. EOS. Trans. Am. Geophys. Un. 70(43):1118-1119.

Bryant, M.D. and R.C. Wissmar. 1991. Synthesis. Pages 40-41 in M.D. Bryant (ed.), The Copper River Delta Pulse Study: An Interdisciplinary Survey of the Aquatic Habitats. Pac. Northwest Res. Sta., USDA For. Serv. PNW-GTR-282.

Benda, L., T. Beechie, R.C. Wissmar, and A.C. Johnson. 1992. Morphology and evolution of salmonid habitats in a recently deglaciated river basin, Washington State, U.S.A. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 49(6):1246-1256.

Wissmar, R.C., D.N. Swanston, M. Bryant, and K. McGee. 1997. Factors influencing stream chemistry in catchments on Prince of Wales Island, Alaska. Freshwat. Biol. 38:301-314.

Wissmar, R. C., J. Stanford, and B. K. Ellis. 1997. ¹⁵N natural isotope tracing of nitrogen in insect food webs of hyporheic habitats. Pages 166-171 in J. Gilbert, J. Mathieu, and F. Fournier (eds.), Groundwater/Surface Water Ecotones: Biological and Hydrological Interactions and Management Options. International Hydrology Series, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.

ESTUARIES & LAKES

Richey, J.E., R.C. Wissmar, A.H. Devol, G.E. Likens, R.G. Wetzel, O.L. Loucks, W.E. Odum, P.H. Rich, N.M. Johnson, J.S. Eaton, and R.T. Prentki. 1978. Carbon flow in four lake ecosystems: A structural approach. Science 202:1183-1186.

Devol, A.H. and R.C. Wissmar. 1978. Analysis of five North American lake ecosystems. V. Primary producer community structure. Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 20:581-586.

Wissmar, R.C. 1981. Chemical composition and adenylate energy charge ratios of Scenedesmus abundans (Kirchner) Chod. as a function of nitrate and phosphate limitation. Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 21:1449-1453.

Wissmar, R.C., J.E. Richey, A.H. Devol, and D.M. Eggers. 1982. Lake ecosystems of the Lake Washington drainage basin. Pages 333-385 in R. L. Edmonds (ed.), Chapter 11. Analysis of Coniferous Forest Ecosystems in the Western United States. Hutchinson and Ross, Stroudsberg, Penn. US/IBP Synthesis Series No. 14.

Simenstad, C.A. and R.C. Wissmar. 1984. Variability in estuarine food webs and production supporting juvenile Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus). Pages 273-286 in W. G. Pearcy (ed.), Workshop on Influence of Ocean Conditions on the Production of Salmonids, Nov. 1983, Marine Science Center, Newport, Oregon.

Wissmar, R.C. and C.A. Simenstad. 1984. Surface foam chemistry and productivity in the Duckabush River estuary and Puget Sound, Washington. Pages 331-348 in V.S. Kennedy (ed.). The Estuary as a Filter. Academic Press.

Simenstad, C.A. and R.C. Wissmar. 1985. Definition of the origins and fates of carbon in estuarine food webs of Puget Sound using stable carbon isotopes. Mar. Ecol.-Progress Series 22:141-152.

Wissmar, R.C. 1986. Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling in Pacific Northwest wetlands. Pages 51-69 in R.S. Strickland (ed.), Wetland Functions, Rehabilitation, and Creation in the Pacific Northwest: The State of Our Understanding. Wash. Dept. Ecol. Pub. 86-14, Lacy, Washington.

Wissmar, R.C. 1987. Definition of nitrogen sources and fates in Padilla Bay, Washington. NOAA Tech. Rep. Ser., OCRM/MEMD. 20 p.

Weitkamp, L.A., R.C. Wissmar, C.A. Simenstad, K.L. Fresh, and J.G. Odell. 1992. Gray whales on the littoral: Exploitation of a concentrated prey. Can. J. Zool. 70:2275-2280.

Ruckelshaus, M., R.C. Wissmar, and C.A. Simenstad. 1993. Mussel growth and carbon availability in estuarine food webs. Estuaries 16:898-912.

Dahm, C. Larson, D., R. Petersen and R. C. Wissmar. (in press.) Response and recovery of lakes in the blast zone of Mount St. Helens, Washington. In VH Dale, FJ Swanson, CM Crisafulli (eds.), Ecological responses to the 1980 eruptions of Mount St. Helens. Springer-Verlag, NY.