Introduction

In the Pacific Northwest, river ecosystems and their fishery resources can be altered by increases in human economic and social demands within river landscapes. In this class, we will focus on restoring fish communities and habitats within rivers and streams. Our goal is to encourage recovery through natural processes that enhance the bio-complexity and connectivity of habitats in the river basin. Through class discussions and field trips, we will focus on current approaches for restoring river ecosystems (e.g., passive and active), project designs, and case studies.

This course has four Saturday field trips (April 7, 21, May 5 and 12).

Instructor: Robert C. Wissmar
322B FSH, 206-543-7467, wissmar@u.washington.edu
Office hours: Open

Instructor website: http://fish.washington.edu/people/wissmar

Teaching Assistant: Jeremy Turlo Bunn
221 FSH, 206-221-5403, turlo@u.washington.edu
Office hours: 1-3 pm Mon, Wed

Current UW Matriculating students (both graduate and undergraduate) may enroll through the normal registration process. Students not currently admitted to the UW should enroll through the UW extension office. The instructions on how to do so may be found at http://www.extension.washington.edu/ext/courses/steps/

Once a student has the instructor's permission, either a signature or an email from the instructor approving the registration in the course, the student should get departmental permission either by email (safs@u.washington.edu - please forward instructor permission to this address) or in person at 116 Fishery Sciences Building (FSH), 1122 NE Boat St., Seattle, WA 98195.

Please see the SAFS policies links:

• http://fish.washington.edu/classes/integrity_disability.html
• http://fish.washington.edu/classes/trip_insurance.html

Class Texts (available at UW Bookstore)

• Pollard, W. R., G. F. Hartman, C. Groot and P. Edgell. 1997. Field Identification of Coastal Juvenile Salmonids.

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A. Class Schedule

• Note under Daily Topics column the take-home Assignment numbers (ASSIGN #), Assignment Due dates (see Section B for summary) and FIELD TRIP dates and information (see Section C).
• Note Online Readings (OL) column and abbreviations:
  • S&Z 97 CH = Slaney, P.A. and D. Zaldokas (eds.). 1997. “Fish habitat rehabilitation”
  • W&B 03 Ch = Wissmar, R. C. and P. A. Bisson (eds.) 2003. “Strategies for restoring river ecosystems”
  • To access Online Readings in Fish-Ocean Library click the following link:
    https://eres.lib.washington.edu/eres/coursepage.aspx?cid=3781&page=docs
    
    Enter your UW NetID and password. After you put in your UW netid and password and reach the Eres page, please note the copyright information, and then click Accept. Upon doing so, the page links to course readings pdf files will automatically load. Now find and click on the desired pdf
  • Course Reserves. To access the list of books that can be checked out at the Fisheries-Oceanography Library Course Reserve desk, click the following link:
    
    http://catalog.lib.washington.edu/search
    
    then find instructor or course name in the COURSE RESERVES section of the UW Libraries Catalog and click item titled "LIST OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS FOR FISH 428."
  • Electronic journals. If you desire to review the UW Libraries “Electronic Journals,” click Libraries Home at top of the webpage, http://catalog.lib.washington.edu/search.

Date	Daily Topics	Online Readings (OL)
March 26 (Mon)	Class Overview & Website Online (OL) Lecture Reading Lab Sessions & Computers (FSH 136 & 207) Take-Home Assigns Field Trips Restoration Proposals Final Exam Information posted weekly or bi-weekly on lab computers (Commons Folder and data files) Questions from lectures Assigns Supplemental Readings Data files (e.g., GIS and orthophotos) Interest Survey Cumulative Impacts Cedar River Issues
March 28 (Wed)	Responses of altered ecosystems Watershed-stream geomorphology and fish habitats Stream-river ecosystem perspectives	S&Z 97: CH 2 W&B 03: Ch 11
April 2 (Mon)	Strategies for salmon and watershed recovery Prioritizing restoration sites Restoration Proposals: Teams assigned to Cedar River reaches	S&Z 97: CH 1 KingCo93: Cedar River, Parts 1-7 KingCo98: Watershed Mgt., Parts 1-6
April 4 (Wed)	Short-comings of restoration efforts. Restoring fish habitats Successes and failures of habitat restoration	S&Z 97: CH 5, 7, 8, 9 & 10 Crispen et al. 93 Frissell & Nawa 92
April 7 (Sat)	FIELD TRIP #1. Cedar R. Reconnaisance
April 9 (Mon)	Hans Berg & Gino Lucchetti, King County King County Watershed & Fish Management	Lichatowich et al. 95 Cedar R. Basin Plan 98
April 11 (Wed)	Fish Communities Fish Habitat Selection Assign 1	Feyer et al 04 Li 87 Sommers et al. 01 Hall et al 2002 Hall and Wissmar 2004
April 16 (Mon)	Todd Bennett, NMFS, Seattle Factors contributing to habitat use by Coho and trout
April 18 (Wed)	Fish Production Assign 2 Fish limiting factors	S&Z 97: CH 3 Beechie et al 94
April 21 (Sat)	FIELD TRIP #2. Cedar R.: Taylor & Elliott Reaches
April 23 (Mon)	Phil Roni, George Pess, Tim Beechie, NMFS, Seattle Restoration Strategies: Watershed-and Fish Habitats	Roni and Quinn 01 Roni et al. 02 W&B 03: Ch 8 Beechie et al. 03 Pess et al. 05 NMFS Salmon Habitat
April 25 (Wed)	Economics & Restoration Assign 3 Monitoring and Adaptive Management Permits Restoration guidelines	S&Z 97: CH 4 W&B 03: Ch 9 KC 93, Guidelines 4, 5 5a & 5B Core Recovery-Draft USFWS 98 Framework EPA Rest. Guid.
April 30 (Mon)	Effectiveness of Spawning Channels
May 2 (Wed)	Hydrology: Flow Frequency and Duration Assign 4	Dunne & Leopold 78 Wissmar et al. 04a
May 5 (Sat)	FIELD TRIP #3. Cedar R.: Taylor & Elliott Reaches
May 7 (Mon)	Habitat Structures and Flow Conveyance Assign 5	Wissmar 96
May 9 (Wed)	Ray Timm, King County Changes in River Habitats and Responses of Spawning Fish
May 12 (Sat)	FIELD TRIP #4. Cedar R.: Taylor & Elliott Reaches
May 14 (Mon)	Protecting and Restoring Riparian Corridors Prioritizing Restoration & Conservation Areas	W&B 03: Ch5 Timm et al. 04 Wissmar et al. 04b
May 16 (Wed)	OPEN
May 21 (Mon)	Si Simenstad, SAFS, UW Restoring Estuaries: Fish Habitats and Wetland Landscapes	Gary et al. 02 Bottom et al. 05
May 23 (Wed)	Freshwater fish communities Julian Olden, SAFS, UW Invasive Fish Species
May 28 (Mon)	Memorial Day
May 30 (Wed)	Class Team Presentations
June 4 (Mon)	FINAL

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B. Assignment Schedule

Assign	Date	Subject	Hand In Answers
1	April 11	Fish Habitat Selection	April 18
2	April 18	Potential Fish Production	April 25
3	April 25	Economic Benefits/Costs	May 7
4	May 2	River Flow Frequency & Duration	May 16
5	May 7	Flow Conveyance & Placement of Habitats	May 21

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C. Field Trip Schedule: Cedar River

• Dates: April 7, 21, and May 5 and 12
• Meet at 7:30 am in parking lot E1, north of the Intramural Activities Bldg (IMA) on Montlake Blvd.
• Parking $5.00/day: Quarters and paper money
• Return time to UW about 5 pm
• Student field gear
  • Rain coat
  • Rubber boots or waders
  • Extra clothes
  • Lunch
  • Other desired items (e.g., camera, notebook, flask)

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D. Team Restoration Proposal

• The TEAM goal is to develop a "Restoration Proposal" for a select reach of the Cedar River. Each TEAM is required to follow proposal instructions. This will require answering questions, using assignment tools, conducting required field work and literature research.
• Each TEAM member is responsible for:

• Writing separate sections (members will be assigned to select proposal sections).
• Contributors to different proposal sections must document names at the beginning of their sections.

• All TEAM members are responsible for synthesis and writing the entire proposal
• Grades for TEAM projects and students depend on group cooperation and following proposal instructions.
• Detailed proposal instructions will be handed out in class and posted in the Commons Folder in FSH computer labs (FSH 136 and 207).

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E. Restoration Proposal Objectives

Objectives include providing active ("create & restore habitats") and passive ("protect habitats") approaches that facilitate the development of ecological structures and functions for fish and wildlife.

• Improve hydrological and geomorphic connectivity of habitats within and between reaches.
• Provide opportunities that foster the development of aquatic & riparian communities and food webs.
• Provide habitats that foster use by "multi-species" (both fish & wildlife).
• Provide refuge habitats that function as: cover - shelter from predators; favorable temperature environs; and source areas that foster fish & wildlife colonization of new habitats (e.g., Placement large wood to form pools?).

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F. Class Cabinet

Link to Class Cabinet (separate webpage) for additional references. Please check out binders from Jeremy Bunn in Fish 221. Please limit checkout times from 2 to 4 days.

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G. Reference Books (Fisheries-Oceanography Library)

http://catalog.lib.washington.edu/search

• Matthews, W.J. and D.C. Heins (eds.). 1987. Community and Evolutionary Ecology of North American Stream Fishes. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, OK. (Note references at end of book.)
• MacDonald, L., A. Smart and R. C. Wissmar. 1991. Monitoring Guidelines to Evaluate Effects of Forestry Activities on Streams in the Pacific Northwest and Alaska. EPA/910/9-91-001. Edwards Brothers Press, Ann Arbor, Mich.
• Matthews, W.J. and D.C. Heins (eds.). 1987. Community and Evolutionary Ecology of North American Stream Fishes. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, OK. (References at end of book) 
• Meehan, W.R. (ed.). 1991. Influences of forest and rangeland management on salmonid fishes and their habitats.. Amer. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. 19, Bethesda, Maryland. (References at end of book)
• Montgomery, D. R. S. Bolton, D. R. Booth, and L. Wall, editors. 2003. Restoration of Puget Sound Rivers. University of Washington Press.
• Roni, P. 2005 (ed.). Monitoring stream and watershed restoration. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland
• Slaney, P.A. and D. Zaldokas (eds.). 1997. Fish Habitat Rehabilitation Procedures, Watershed Restoration Technical Circular No. 9. Watershed Restoration Program, Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks, 2204, Main Mall, Univ. British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, B6T 1Z4. (References at end of book)
• Wissmar, R. C. and P. A. Bisson, editors. 2003. Strategies for restoring river ecosystems: sources of variability and uncertainty in natural and managed systems. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland.
• Glossaries:
  • Slaney, P.A. and D. Zaldokas (eds.). 1997. Fish Habitat Rehabilitation. (Class Text)
  • Meehan, W.R. 1991. Influences of Forest and Rangeland Management on Salmonid Fishes and Their Habitats. Amer. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. 19, Bethesda, Md. (Reserve Desk at Fish—Ocean Library)

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H. Grading

	1250 pts	Restoration Proposal Written report—650 pts Powerpoint oral presentation—600 pts
	500 pts	Five take-home assignments (100 pts each)
	400 pts	Four field trips (100 pts each)
	650 pts	Final exam
	2800 pts	Total

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I. Web Links

Link to Online Reprints (separate webpage). Be sure to read access directions carefully.

Cedar River and King County

• Cedar River HCP
  http://www.seattle.gov/util/About_SPU/Water_System/Habitat_Conservation_Plan--HCP/index.asp
• King County
  http://dnr.metrokc.gov/topics/wetland/index.htm
• The Cedar River OxbowWetland 79 Enhancement Project
  http://dnr.metrokc.gov/WTD/wetland79/index.htm
• King-ESA
  http://www.metrokc.gov/exec/esa/index.htm
• Salmon on the Brink
  http://www.metrokc.gov/exec/esa/salmon_brink.htm
• Cedar River Basin Plan (King County)
  http://dnr.metrokc.gov/wlr/BASINS/cedarpln.htm
• USGS Streamflow Data for the Cedar River
  http://waterdata.usgs.gov/wa/nwis/uv/?station=12117600

University of Washington

• Restoration Ecology Network
  http://depts.washington.edu/uwren/
• UW Homepage
  http://www.washington.edu/
• UW-SAFS
  http://fish.washington.edu/
  http://www.fish.washington.edu/news/fishline/fishline.html
• UW Student Chapter of AFS
  http://www.fish.washington.edu/people/afs/

Government

• http://www.ecy.wa.gov/
• http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/
• http://www.epa.gov/owow/wetlands/restore/
• http://waterdata.usgs.gov/wa/nwis/peak
• http://wa.water.usgs.gov/realtime/current.html
• http://www.wcc.nrcs.usda.gov/
• http://es.epa.gov/ncer/
• http://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/
• http://www.nws.usace.army.mil/

Technical Links

• NC Stream Restoration Institute
  http://www.ncsu.edu/sri/
  http://www.ncsu.edu/sri/lit_review.htm
• Annotated Bibliography on the Ecology, Management, and Physical Effects of Large Woody Debris (LWD) in Stream Ecosystems
  http://www.cnr.berkeley.edu/forestry/woodbiblio.html
• Salmon Information Center
  http://www.salmoninfo.org/

Journals

• Environmental Management
  http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00267/
• American Fisheries Society Journals Online
  http://afs.allenpress.com/afsonline/?request=index-html
• BioScience
  http://www.aibs.org/biosciencemagazine
• Restoration Ecology, Society for Ecological Restoration
  http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/member/institutions/issuelist.asp?journal=rec
• Science
  http://www.sciencemag.org/

Other Links

• The Wild Salmon Center
  http://www.wildsalmoncenter.org
• News for Salmon Nation
  http://www.tidepool.org/
• Salmon River Restoration Council
  http://www.srrc.org/
• American Rivers
  http://www.amrivers.org/groupoftheweek/group3.11.01.htm
• Kissimmee River Restoration
  http://www.sfwmd.gov/org/erd/krr/
• Water Information Program-Colorado
  http://www.waterinfo.org/
• The Watershed Management Council
  http://www.watershed.org/